Frequently Asked Question
Public HealthFoodborne illness and animal products
Last reviewed: January 9, 2026
Summary
Many major foodborne pathogens are commonly associated with animal products (e.g., Salmonella in poultry/eggs, Campylobacter in poultry, certain E. coli linked to cattle). Produce outbreaks occur too, often from contaminated water/manure; the key point is that animal agriculture can be a primary reservoir and contamination source.
Evidence Summary
- Attribution studies and outbreak surveillance link many pathogens to animal reservoirs.
- Manure runoff can contaminate produce and water. Evidence quality: Moderate–High Limitations / nuance: Safety depends on handling and cooking; plant foods can also carry pathogens. Bottom line: Animal agriculture is a major pathogen reservoir; plant-forward diets can reduce exposure to some high-risk foods.