Frequently Asked Question
EnvironmentPollution, eutrophication, and runoff
Last reviewed: January 9, 2026
Summary
Excess nitrogen and phosphorus from agriculture drive eutrophication and dead zones; livestock manure and fertilizer used to grow feed are major contributors in many watersheds. This can contaminate waterways and damage ecosystems.
Evidence Summary
- Government sources describe how nutrient runoff drives eutrophication and hypoxia.
- Manure management and fertilizer runoff are established mechanisms. Evidence quality: High (mechanism + governmental synthesis) Limitations / nuance: Crop agriculture also contributes; the key is total nutrient load and practices. Bottom line: Nutrient pollution is real; reducing livestock intensity can reduce manure-related loads.