Sentience Profile
Cephalopods and decapod crustaceans
Last reviewed: January 9, 2026
Summary
Many jurisdictions and scientific reviews increasingly recognize strong evidence for sentience in cephalopods and decapod crustaceans (e.g., learning, flexible behavior, responses consistent with pain). This has driven policy recognition in some places.
Evidence Summary
- Behavioral flexibility and evidence consistent with pain/avoidance learning. Evidence quality: Moderate–High Limitations / nuance: Details vary by species; “sentience” is a gradient concept for many scientists. Bottom line: Evidence supports serious moral consideration for cephalopods and decapods.