Calcium, vitamin D, and bone health

Summary

Calcium needs can be met via fortified plant milks, calcium-set tofu, some greens, and other sources; vitamin D may need supplementation depending on sun exposure/region (true across diets). Bone health is multi-factorial (calcium, vitamin D, protein, resistance exercise).

Supported by 6 cited sources

Evidence Summary

Fortified soy milk can be a nutritionally effective substitute for cow’s milk in some cardiometabolic outcomes (short-term RCT evidence;.
Vitamin D insufficiency is common in many populations regardless of diet. Evidence quality: Moderate (short-term RCTs + authoritative nutrient guidance) Limitations / nuance: Some plant milks are unfortified; consumers must check labels. Bottom line: Dairy is optional for calcium/vitamin D adequacy; fortification and/or supplementation can fill

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Supporting Evidence

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Summary

Evidence Summary

Supporting Evidence

Sources & Evidence