Frequently Asked Question
Health“Most people should take a multivitamin” (careful claim)
Last reviewed: January 9, 2026
Summary
Evidence does **not** strongly support universal multivitamin use for preventing cardiovascular disease or cancer, and recommendations vary. However, many people have nutrient shortfalls (e.g., vitamin D, iodine depending on salt use) and targeted supplementation can be appropriate—especially for vegans with B12.
Evidence Summary
- USPSTF finds insufficient evidence for broad multivitamin use to prevent major chronic diseases in general adults.
- Nutrient shortfalls exist; targeted supplementation may be reasonable based on risk, diet, labs, and clinician guidance. Evidence quality: Moderate–High Limitations / nuance: This is public-health guidance; individual needs vary. Bottom line: Don’t oversell universal multivitamins; do emphasize targeted supplementation where evidence supports it (notably B12 for
Supporting Evidence
USPSTF finds insufficient evidence for broad multivitamin use to prevent major chronic diseases in general adults.
Sources:
- USPSTF. Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent CVD and cancer (2022)
- USPSTF. Vitamin/mineral supplementation for prevention of CVD/cancer (2022)
- NIH ODS: B12/Iodine/Vitamin D fact sheets.
- NIH ODS nutrient fact sheets.
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin B12 - Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (2024)
Sources:
- USPSTF. Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent CVD and cancer (2022)
- USPSTF. Vitamin/mineral supplementation for prevention of CVD/cancer (2022)
- NIH ODS: B12/Iodine/Vitamin D fact sheets.
- NIH ODS nutrient fact sheets.
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin B12 - Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (2024)